Fundamentally, hardness testing determines the resistance a material exhibits in response to the permanent deformation of another material’s penetration. If I take a piece of metal and rub something ...

When designing metal parts, it's important to specify their hardness. However, many engineers have only a shaky understanding of what hardness actually is, or how it's measured. There are good reasons ...

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THE hardness of metals, as Dr. Hugh O'Neill once said, like the storminess of seas, is easily appreciated but not readily measured. Prof. Lea has attempted to describe the various methods of measuring ...