The Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zürich is a center of competence for Swiss and international security policy. It offers security policy expertise in research, teaching, and consulting ...

No. 335: The Limits of Economic Adaptation Author (s): Tatiana Mitrova, Stephen K. Wegren, Fabian Burkhardt, Sonya Richter, Timofei Mikhasev, Denis Morokhin, Arnold Khachaturov, Sebastian Hoppe Editor ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

Recent revelations of Chinese government-backed hacking show a recurring pattern: prominent hackers behind groups such as APT17, APT27, APT41, Flax Typhoon, and Red Hotel—monikers given by ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

This book tries to answer the following seven questions: ...

Any analyst writing about Donald Trump’s presidency faces a choice: treat his actions as personal idiosyncrasies or place them in a broader theoretical frame. This analysis considers both. The past ...

At the NATO Summit in Wales nearly a decade ago, NATO recognized that cyber defense is an inseparable part of collective defense. Therefore, a cyberattack against one or more member states can trigger ...

Space systems are an integral part of modern war fighting. Militaries use them to conduct everything from reconnaissance to communications and data transfers, mission planning, and maintain ...

The establishment of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was a long-standing Soviet idea that gained traction in the 1970s. From 1973 to 1975, East and West engaged in a ...

Space is increasingly contested and congested. There are over 10,000 active satellites in space. This is a seven-fold increase compared to a decade ago. This rapid growth and the fact that there is no ...

In her new CSS Analysis, Gesine Weber examines how the EU has fundamentally revised its approach as a security actor by strengthening cooperation with external partners. The new Security and Defense ...